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\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627&#8230;<\/li><li>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0641\u0631\u064d \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u064f \u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064e \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u062a\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0643 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0632\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631\u064e \u062d\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0643\u064e \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0650\u0643\u064e \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0634\u0642\u0631\u0627<\/p><p>\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u2013 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/p><p>31 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2026<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u2013 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 1997. (\u0635 210).<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. (\u0635 105).<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a. (\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. (\u0635 105).<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. (\u0635 109).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wps-pgfw-pdf-generate-icon__wrapper-frontend pgfw-icon-display pgfw-icon-display--default\" style=\"--pgfw-icon-justify:center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/alkalemat-tabka.com?action=genpdf&#038;id=5395\" class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button pgfw-single-pdf-download-button--default pgfw-single-pdf-download-button--icon-only\" title=\"Generate PDF\" style=\"--pgfw-icon-width:25px;--pgfw-icon-height:45px;\" aria-label=\"Download PDF\"><span class=\"pgfw-single-pdf-download-button__media\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><img src=\"https:\/\/alkalemat-tabka.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-generator-for-wp\/admin\/src\/images\/PDF_Tray.svg\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\"><\/span><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0648\u0650\u062f (1886 \u2013 1926) \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0628\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1926\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629\u064f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u064f\u0631\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0648\u0650\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0650\u0631\u062a\u064e\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0650\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0630\u0642\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 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